In this tech insight, we look at how WhatsApp currently makes money, explore potential reasons why it might introduce charges in the future, compare its revenue model with competing messaging apps, and analyse the possible impact the introduction of any changes could have.

Currently A Free, Seamless Messaging Service (For Personal Users) 

First introduced in 2009, Meta’s end-to-end encrypted messaging app – WhatsApp – has long been a mainstay in global communication, boasting nearly three billion users who enjoy its seamless messaging service at no cost. The app’s widespread appeal rests on factors such as its accessibility and privacy, but with the growing pressure on tech companies to generate revenue and remain sustainable, the question arises will WhatsApp stay free?

How WhatsApp Currently Makes Money 

WhatsApp’s revenue strategy may seem elusive given that personal users are not directly charged, but the app has adopted several methods of monetisation. For example, since Meta (formerly Facebook) acquired WhatsApp in 2014, the platform has shifted from its original subscription model, which charged $0.99 annually, to a business-oriented approach.

The WhatsApp Business API 

WhatsApp generates revenue through its WhatsApp Business API, designed to enable companies to communicate with customers via the app. Businesses can use WhatsApp to send updates, offer customer support, and complete transactions. Although setting up a WhatsApp channel is free, businesses pay for certain interactions, particularly when they initiate a conversation or offer more advanced services. For example, businesses in India (a key market for WhatsApp with an estimated 531.46 million active users!) allow users to purchase bus tickets, book seats, and even make payments directly within the chat thread. In 2023, WhatsApp Business generated approximately $382.6 million, with a large percentage of that coming from the Asia-Pacific region, particularly India.

Conversational Commerce and Advertising 

Meta’s vice president of business messaging, Nikila Srinivasan, has acknowledged that allowing businesses to connect with users has been highly lucrative. For example, the integration of WhatsApp with Facebook and Instagram ads, where businesses pay for links that open chats directly with users, is now generating billions in revenue. This combination of conversational commerce and advertising offers WhatsApp a sustainable source of income while keeping the app free for personal users.

Competing Messaging Apps and Their Revenue Models 

WhatsApp’s approach contrasts with the monetisation models of other popular messaging platforms. Some adopt freemium models, while others rely on advertising or donations. For example:

– Unlike WhatsApp, Signal is a non-profit app renowned for its privacy features. It does not rely on advertising or subscriptions but is funded by donations. A significant boost came from Brian Acton, one of WhatsApp’s co-founders, who contributed $50 million to the app in 2018. Signal’s president, Meredith Whittaker, emphasised their aim to be fully supported by small donors who value privacy and security. Signal now has more than 100 million downloads globally and has approximately 40 million active users. Its user base saw significant growth, particularly after WhatsApp’s controversial privacy policy changes in 2021, which led to a surge in new Signal users seeking a more privacy-focused alternative.

– Telegram, which has 950 million monthly active users globally, has historically relied on investor funding, though it recently introduced a premium subscription service that offers additional features, such as faster downloads, unique stickers, and increased file size limits. While most of Telegram’s core features remain free, this move allows the app to generate revenue without relying on ads.

– Popular among gamers, Discord utilises a ‘freemium’ model. For example, the platform is free to use, but its (estimated 200 million monthly active) users can subscribe to Discord Nitro for a monthly fee, unlocking premium features such as higher-quality video streaming, larger file uploads, and custom emojis.

– Launched in 2011, and with approximately 414 million daily active users worldwide, Snapchat employs a mixed revenue model, incorporating advertising, paid subscriptions, and augmented reality products like its Spectacles. Snapchat generates over $4 billion a year from advertising alone and has more than 11 million paid subscribers to its Snapchat+ service.

Could WhatsApp Charge Users? 

While personal users have not been charged since WhatsApp scrapped its $0.99 annual fee in 2016, the platform may explore other monetisation avenues, particularly if the current model fails to meet revenue expectations.

For example, several potential scenarios could lead WhatsApp to charge users, such as:

– Regulatory pressures. Privacy and data regulations across various regions could force Meta to rethink its monetisation strategy. WhatsApp’s business model, while not reliant on direct user fees, still hinges on user data to an extent, especially through its integration with Facebook and Instagram ads. Any future regulations limiting Meta’s use of data could push WhatsApp to consider subscription-based services.

– Increased operational costs. With nearly three billion users, WhatsApp’s infrastructure costs are significant. If Meta experiences revenue dips or increased costs, a return to subscription-based fees or the introduction of a premium service for advanced features could be explored.

– The expansion of features. WhatsApp continues to enhance its platform, adding features such as the ability to pay through the app, and may charge for premium services in the future. Competing apps, such as Discord and Telegram, have successfully introduced tiered services, and WhatsApp could follow suit.

Examples of some of the latest WhatsApp updates / new features include:

– AI integration. WhatsApp is introducing Meta AI, enabling users to access conversational prompts and answers directly within the app, positioning WhatsApp as more than just a messaging tool. This development hints at future monetisable AI-driven services.

– Image search. WhatsApp’s image search feature, still in beta, helps users verify images by cross-referencing with online sources, offering a step toward combating misinformation and fostering a safer online space.

– Customisation and security. New features like custom chat themes and enhanced privacy controls, including blocking unknown contacts, reinforce WhatsApp’s commitment to both user experience and security, helping it stay competitive in the privacy-conscious market.

– Enhanced video calls. WhatsApp is improving video calls (e.g. with custom backgrounds and filters), aligning itself with platforms like Zoom and Microsoft Teams, thereby enhancing its utility for both personal and professional use.

Adding advanced features like AI integration, image search, and enhanced video calls, for example, could be viewed as leading to WhatsApp charging for premium services. As these updates increase the app’s functionality and appeal, particularly for business or professional users, WhatsApp could introduce a freemium model where basic features remain free, but more sophisticated tools, such as AI-driven services or advanced privacy options, require a subscription or one-time payment. This could be a way for WhatsApp to mirror strategies employed by other messaging apps like Discord and Telegram, where extra features are monetised while keeping core functionalities free.

Potential Impact of WhatsApp Charging Users 

If WhatsApp were to introduce charges, the implications could be significant for the app, its users, competitors, and the market.

For example, in terms of its user base, WhatsApp’s free model has helped it become the dominant messaging platform in many countries. Introducing charges could alienate users, particularly in price-sensitive markets like India and Brazil, where alternatives such as Telegram and Signal have strong footholds. This could lead to a shift towards other free apps.

Competing messaging apps like Signal and Telegram are committed to keeping their core services free, offering an alternative to users frustrated by WhatsApp’s potential fees. If WhatsApp introduces premium features, it could inadvertently bolster its competitors’ user base. However, WhatsApp’s superior integration with Meta’s ecosystem, particularly its advertising and business tools, would likely maintain its appeal for corporate users.

WhatsApp Introducing fees or premium services may also disrupt the messaging app market, currently dominated by free-to-use platforms. If WhatsApp begins charging, other apps might follow suit, leading to an industry shift where freemium or premium models become the norm.

What Does This Mean For Your Business? 

It seems, therefore, that the question of whether WhatsApp will remain free largely hinges on the balance between sustaining its vast user base and generating revenue. Currently, WhatsApp’s business model leverages its substantial corporate clientele, particularly through the WhatsApp Business API and its integration with Meta’s wider advertising ecosystem. This approach allows the platform to stay free for personal users while still drawing significant income from businesses.

However, the continued development of advanced features, such as AI integration and enhanced security options, could prompt WhatsApp to explore freemium or subscription-based models in the future. As the platform adds more value through these sophisticated tools, especially for businesses and professionals, a tiered service could become a logical step. Competing apps like Discord and Telegram have successfully adopted this strategy, offering basic services for free while monetising premium features.

If WhatsApp were to introduce charges, it could disrupt the global messaging landscape, potentially driving users to alternatives like Signal or Telegram, which remain committed to providing free core services. The impact on WhatsApp’s user base, especially in price-sensitive regions, would be significant, but its deep integration with Meta’s advertising and business tools would likely preserve its appeal in the corporate space.

Ultimately, while WhatsApp’s business strategy continues to evolve, its future path may see the introduction of paid features or services, as the platform adapts to an increasingly competitive and regulation-heavy environment. For now, personal users can still enjoy the app’s core functionalities at no cost, but any future changes will undoubtedly reshape the messaging app market.

OpenAI has announced that it is launching a test version of a dedicated Windows app for its popular chatbot ChatGPT.

Announcement

On October 17, OpenAI announced on X that: “Today, ChatGPT Plus, Enterprise, Team, and Edu users can start testing an early version of the Windows desktop app.”

This is a major step in making OpenAI’s AI-powered chatbot more accessible and convenient for a wider range of users.

An Expansion for ChatGPT Users

As enthusiastically highlighted on OpenAI’s developer forum recently, the fact that “ChatGPT Desktop App for Windows is available” means that “One of the most often requested ChatGPT features just went into public beta”.

Business users and educational institutions have long been seeking more seamless ways to integrate AI tools into their workflows and this early access also serves as a public beta test, allowing OpenAI to gather feedback and improve the app before its full release, expected later in the year.

Faster, More Streamlined Access

This means users across various tiers can now have the chance to benefit from faster and more streamlined access to the chatbot, directly from their desktops. OpenAI’s ChatGPT for Windows desktop version aims to enhance the user experience with improved integration, ease of use, and convenient features like the Alt + Space shortcut for quick access.

How to Access the ChatGPT Desktop App

For users eager to test the early version, downloading the ChatGPT desktop app is straightforward. The app can be found on the official OpenAI download page here – https://openai.com/chatgpt/download/ . However, it’s important to remember, as previously mentioned, access is currently restricted to certain premium plan users (those on Plus, Enterprise, Team, or Edu plans). While most Windows 10 machines should be able to run the app, users are advised to check with their IT departments, as company policies may affect accessibility.

More Convenient Than Web Version

Installing the desktop app offers Windows users a convenient alternative to using the web version of ChatGPT, removing the need for browser logins and offering direct integration with the Windows environment. This has the potential to significantly reduce ‘friction’ for frequent users, especially those who rely on ChatGPT for professional or academic purposes.

Features of the Early Version

OpenAI’s desktop app for Windows promises several key features designed to improve productivity and usability. One of the most notable is the ability to use ChatGPT across multiple formats, including email, screenshots, and files directly from the PC. This offers a level of integration that the web-based version can’t really match, especially for those who need to reference or interact with documents and data in real time.

For mobile users, there’s a similar level of functionality, with the app supporting chats on the go and voice conversations (though the desktop version currently lacks this voice capability). The early Windows app, however, does not yet support some of the advanced features found in other clients. For example, OpenAI’s voice mode and certain GPT Store integrations are still in development and are expected to roll out in future updates.

OpenAI has also confirmed that the desktop app will include access to OpenAI o1-preview, the company’s latest and most advanced model. This means that users testing the Windows app will benefit from the newest improvements in AI capabilities, giving them access to a more advanced and efficient version of ChatGPT.

Limitations and Considerations

While the early release of the desktop app is a promising development, there are, however, some important limitations to be aware of. As mentioned, the app currently lacks voice support, including the highly anticipated Advanced Voice Mode, which has been a major feature in mobile versions. Also, certain integrations with OpenAI’s GPT Store i.e., where users can access third-party plugins and tools, are not yet functional within the desktop environment. These features are expected to arrive with the full version of the app, which is expected for release by the end of the year.

Another consideration is that the app is still just in its beta phase. Users should, therefore, be prepared to encounter bugs or performance issues during testing, and OpenAI has made it clear that feedback is crucial during this period. Users testing the app are encouraged to report any issues they experience, as this will help improve the final product.

For organisations (particularly those in the Enterprise or Edu tiers), it’s also important to consider internal IT policies. Some companies may restrict the installation of new software, and users may need permission from their IT departments before downloading the app. OpenAI has said that access may depend on these policies, so it’s worth verifying with your organisation if you encounter any access issues.

A Closer Look at Business and Educational Applications

The introduction of the Windows desktop app opens up new possibilities for businesses and educational institutions. For corporate teams using the Enterprise or Team plans, the ability to directly interact with ChatGPT on their desktops could, for example, help streamline tasks such as managing emails, analysing files, and gathering insights from large datasets. The app’s capacity to handle screenshots and files also looks like offering a versatile way for professionals to work across different formats without needing to leave their desktop environment.

In the education sector, the Windows app could be really helpful for teachers, administrators, and students. Edu users could, for example, use ChatGPT to assist with research, project collaboration, and communication, all within a single app that integrates with their daily tasks. With the ability to chat about files and screenshots, students and educators can collaborate on assignments or projects more efficiently, particularly in remote or hybrid learning environments.

Also, the inclusion of the OpenAI o1-preview model means that users will have access to cutting-edge AI tools, and the model’s improved reasoning and language capabilities could really support tasks such as drafting academic papers, conducting research, or even tutoring.

Future Updates and What to Look Forward To

While the current version of the ChatGPT desktop app already has plenty of useful features, OpenAI has made it clear that this is only the beginning. Future updates should bring a range of enhancements, including full integration with the GPT Store and the introduction of Advanced Voice Mode, which will likely make the desktop app even more versatile.

The rollout of these updates is expected to coincide with the general release of the app (later this year – no exact date’s been given), which will expand access to more users and potentially introduce new subscription tiers or pricing models. This could make ChatGPT’s desktop version more widely accessible, particularly to those who are not currently on the premium plans.

What Does This Mean For Your Business?

For businesses, the early access to OpenAI’s Windows desktop app for ChatGPT presents an opportunity to enhance efficiency, streamline operations, and stay competitive. With the ability to access ChatGPT directly from the desktop, users can more seamlessly integrate AI capabilities into their daily workflows, e.g., whether it’s handling emails, reviewing documents, or managing customer queries. The app’s ease of use, coupled with its ability to interact with various file formats, could mean that businesses can increase productivity without the constant back-and-forth of switching between platforms.

For organisations already leveraging AI in their operations, this development promises faster access to cutting-edge technology and a more integrated user experience. The ability to test the app during its beta phase allows businesses to be at the forefront of innovation, providing valuable feedback to shape its final version. This could be particularly useful for businesses that rely on AI for data analysis, content creation, or customer engagement, as the improvements brought by OpenAI’s latest model will help deliver more accurate and efficient outcomes.

Also, the app’s forthcoming updates, such as Advanced Voice Mode and GPT Store integrations, should offer even more versatility. For example, businesses looking to integrate voice-driven interactions or third-party plugins into their operations could really benefit from these enhancements, allowing for more dynamic customer service capabilities and automation tools. The eventual general release (assumed to be sometime in the next couple of months) will open the door to wider access and potentially more pricing options, thereby making it easier for businesses of all sizes to perhaps incorporate ChatGPT into their daily activities.

Ultimately, the ChatGPT Windows desktop app positions businesses to utilise AI more intuitively and effectively, potentially giving them an edge in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.

With recent research showing that Smartphones harbour 10 times more bacteria than a toilet seat and that 74 per cent of us admit to bringing it to bed, scientists are warning that bringing a phone to bed can be hazardous to your health.

Harmful Bacteria On Your Phone 

A study from the University of Arizona found that mobile phones carry 10 times more bacteria than most toilet seats. This, coupled with stats showing 50 million Britons admit they keep their phone in their bedroom at night, with 74 per cent of them bringing it into bed (YouGov) shows how bacteria can be transferred easily from our phones to our beds.

Research has also revealed that to make matters worse, some of the harmful bacteria on mobiles can include those usually found in cockroach droppings! MattressNextDay’s 2024 report, “A Swab Report: The Most Unhygienic Sleep Tech”, highlights how this bacterium, known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can be harmful to your body by affecting your skin, blood, lungs plus your gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In a worst-case scenario, this can also lead to rashes, pneumonia, and even sepsis.

Why Are Our Phones Covered In Harmful Bacteria? 

Our phones are covered in harmful bacteria for several key reasons, including:

– Frequent handling. On average, people touch their phones 2,617 times a day (Dscout). This constant contact introduces bacteria from our hands to the phone’s surface, which then accumulates throughout the day.

– Exposure to contaminated environments. Phones travel with us everywhere, including highly contaminated places such as public transport, work desks, restaurants, and even bathrooms and toilets. Research from the University of Arizona revealed that mobile phones carry ten times more bacteria than a toilet seat, highlighting how easily they pick up germs from these environments

– Lack of cleaning. As highlighted by the MattressNextDay survey, despite the high risk of contamination, 51 per cent of people never clean their phones with antibacterial products, and 10 per cent only clean them once a year! Also, the same study showed that 70 per cent of smartwatch users never clean their devices, despite wearing them during activities like exercise, where sweat and bacteria are accumulated.

– Warm and moist conditions. The warm environment of pockets, bags, and especially beds, creates the perfect conditions for bacteria to thrive. Devices like smartphones, which are kept close to the body, provide the moisture and warmth needed for bacteria to multiply, including harmful ones like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is commonly found on phones.

Transferring Bacteria to Your Bed 

When we take our phones into bed, the bacteria they carry can easily be transferred to our bedding. If you keep your phone on your pillow or under it, bacteria will transfer to the fabric and eventually to your skin. This can result in clogged pores, acne, or more serious skin infections. MattressNextDay’s research revealed that smartphones are even dirtier than TV remotes, previously thought to be one of the dirtiest household items

Which Bacteria and How Harmful? 

Mobile phones are home to a wide range of bacteria, many of which can pose significant health risks if they are not properly cleaned. Common examples of bacteria found on phones, along with the potential harm they can cause include:

– Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As previously mentioned, this bacterium is one of the most frequently found on smartphones and is commonly linked to cockroach faeces. Pseudomonas aeruginosa thrives in warm, moist environments, such as a bed or pocket, and is particularly dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems. It can cause a variety of infections, including skin rashes, eye infections, and more severe conditions like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis.

– Staphylococcus aureus. Also known as “staph,” this bacterium is a common cause of skin infections and can lead to more severe conditions like abscesses, boils, or cellulitis. In some cases, Staphylococcus aureus can enter the bloodstream and cause life-threatening infections such as toxic shock syndrome or sepsis. The presence of staph on phones is concerning, especially when phones are frequently held against the face.

– Escherichia coli (E. coli). This bacterium is often associated with faecal contamination, and it can find its way onto phones from unhygienic practices like using phones in the bathroom. Some strains of E. coli are harmless, but others can cause severe gastrointestinal issues, including food poisoning, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramps. The bacteria can transfer from your phone to your hands and then to your mouth, increasing the risk of infection

– Streptococcus. This group of bacteria is responsible for a range of infections, from mild throat infections to more serious illnesses like scarlet fever and pneumonia. Some strains of streptococcus can cause skin infections, while others may lead to invasive diseases like meningitis or bloodstream infections. The frequent handling of phones and the proximity to the face make it easier for these bacteria to transfer from the phone to the body (and the bed).

Simple Steps to Reduce the Risk 

Thankfully, there are some simple measures that can be taken to reduce the risks associated with dirty phones. These include:

– Clean your phone regularly. Use antibacterial wipes or a UV sanitiser daily to reduce the number of bacteria on the surface. Research suggests that regular cleaning can significantly lower the bacterial load.

– Keep phones out of the bed. Avoid bringing your phone into bed. Instead, place it on a nightstand or another surface to prevent transferring bacteria to your bedding.

– Wash your bedding frequently. Wash your pillowcases and bed sheets once a week (fornightly at a minimum) to minimise bacteria build-up that may come from your phone or skin. If you’re ill, more frequently is advisable.

– Clean wearable tech. For those using smartwatches or fitness trackers, it’s essential to clean these devices regularly, as they come into direct contact with the skin and can harbour bacteria.

Are There Any Antibacterial Phones? 

Currently, there are no fully antibacterial phones, but there are antibacterial phone cases and coatings. For example, Tech21 produces phone cases with an embedded antimicrobial formula that it says reduces bacteria by up to 99.99 per cent within 24 hours, providing long-lasting protection by preventing bacterial growth on the case’s surface.

Also, for a more integrated approach, the CAT S42 H+ rugged phone uses Biomaster antimicrobial silver-ion technology directly on the handset, thereby inhibiting bacterial replication and maintaining effectiveness even after cleaning.

What About Antibacterial Bedding? 

If we must take bacteria-phones to bed, it’s worth noting that there are antibacterial bed sheets, quilts, and pillows available. Many of these products are made using materials treated with antimicrobial technologies like silver-ion technology, which prevents the growth of bacteria, mould, and allergens. For example, brands like Silvon and Miracle Brand offer bed sheets infused with silver, known for its natural antibacterial properties. Also, some bedding products use bamboo fabric, which naturally resists bacteria (and odour).

What Does This Mean for Your Business? 

For businesses, the takeaway from this warning about taking dirty phones to bed is a reminder that the hygiene of phones and other tech devices in the workplace is often overlooked, yet the risks are significant. Phones are used constantly in professional environments, e.g. shared desks, meetings, and even kitchens, creating opportunities for bacteria to spread. If staff regularly handle contaminated devices, the bacteria can be transferred from phone to hand, to surfaces, and potentially to colleagues. This could lead to increased illness, more sick days, and lower productivity.

The research shows that smartphones can harbour bacteria linked to serious health issues like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which are capable of causing infections that can spread quickly in an office environment. In industries like healthcare, hospitality, and food services, where hygiene is critical, the implications are even more serious. Employers need to be aware that simple negligence, such as not cleaning phones or smartwatches, can affect not just the health of individual employees, but the entire workforce.

Taking proactive steps, such as encouraging employees to regularly clean their devices, providing access to antibacterial wipes or UV sanitisers, and limiting the use of personal phones in sensitive areas like kitchens or communal workspaces, can help mitigate these risks. If your business relies on wearable tech or handheld devices, investing in antibacterial cases or antibacterial-treated handsets can offer an added layer of protection.

Taking device hygiene seriously in your business, therefore, can contribute to a healthier workplace, reduce the likelihood of bacterial transmission, and demonstrate a commitment to staff well-being. This is not just a matter of health but also of maintaining operational efficiency and reducing disruptions caused by illness in the workforce.

In our lives outside work, the research on dirty phones and wearable tech should prompt a serious reconsideration of our daily habits. It seems that although our phones are important communication tools they are also fertile breeding grounds for harmful bacteria that can transfer to our skin, face, and bedding, potentially leading to infections and health risks. Whether at home or in shared environments, our constant phone usage, coupled with infrequent cleaning, puts us at risk of transferring bacteria to others and ourselves.

Apple is set to release a new wave of AI-powered features in its upcoming iOS 18.2 update, with a focus on enhancing Siri and other key apps through advanced intelligence tools.

The new “Apple Intelligence” features will be available on supported devices later this year, with iOS 18.2 marking the introduction of several key enhancements. While some features will roll out in iOS 18.1, the more highly anticipated tools, such as advanced image generation and personalised Siri requests, are expected in later updates.

Among the standout features arriving in iOS 18.2 or later is “Genmoji”, which allows users to create custom emojis through a simple text description. There’s also ChatGPT integration, which will enable more intuitive and natural responses from Siri, as well as the use of AI writing tools. Another exciting feature is the “Image Playground”, which offers users the ability to generate original images in various styles. This set of tools could fundamentally reshape the way users interact with their devices.

Siri is also receiving significant upgrades. For example, users will soon be able to reference personal context in requests, like asking about a specific meeting or book recommendation. A new “Siri on-screen awareness” feature will allow Siri to act on the information currently displayed on the screen, making it even more intuitive. Also, hundreds of new in-app and cross-app actions will enhance Siri’s versatility, giving users more control over their apps.

The iOS 18.2 update will also introduce better organisation features in the Mail app, with automatic sorting of emails based on their content into different categories. On the visual intelligence front, iPhone 16 users will benefit from “Camera Control”, a tool capable of identifying real-world objects and providing key details.

Looking ahead, Apple has committed to expanding its Apple Intelligence features to more languages. While iOS 18.1 will only support US English, iOS 18.2 will extend this to other English-speaking regions like the UK, Australia, and South Africa. Further language support is expected to arrive in 2025.

With iOS 18.2, Apple is laying the groundwork for a more intelligent, user-centric iPhone experience. As the company plans regular updates, users can expect these AI-driven features to evolve quickly, especially for those participating in the beta programme.

Microsoft has revealed it tracks over 600 million identity attacks per day, as cybercriminals refine their tactics and work together more closely.

In its ‘Digital Defense Report 2024’, Microsoft highlighted that identity-based attacks have surged due to the widespread shift to cloud services. The report noted that Microsoft Entra blocked 7,000 password attacks per second over the last year.

Despite the adoption of multi-factor authentication (MFA) by 41 per cent of its enterprise customers, attackers are using advanced techniques such as adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) attacks to bypass MFA security measures. A significant 99 per cent of identity attacks still rely on stolen or phished passwords, underscoring the vulnerability of password-based systems.

The report also showed a stark increase in attempted ransomware attacks, with a 2.75-fold rise driven by groups like Akira, Lockbit, and Play. However, despite the spike in attempts, successful ransomware encryptions have dropped threefold, suggesting some defensive measures are proving effective. Also, the evolving threat landscape has seen a rise in hybrid warfare tactics, including cyber-attacks on operational technology (OT) and government entities in the context of global conflicts.

Businesses looking to mitigate the risk of identity-based attacks should consider a transition to passwordless authentication methods. This, coupled with enhanced AI-driven security tools, could help close the gaps exploited by increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.

Swedish startup, CorPower, which has secured €32 million in funding, claims to have developed technology that’s five times more efficient than previous state-of-the-art wave power technology.

CorPower Ocean 

CorPower Ocean is a Swedish-based renewable energy company with pioneering wave energy technology. Established in 2012, the company was co-founded by Patrik Möller and Dr. Stig Lundbäck, and has since positioned itself as a leading innovator in the marine energy sector. CorPower says its vision is to harness the immense, untapped power of the ocean to help meet global energy needs sustainably.

The Heart of the Technology 

CorPower’s wave energy converter (WEC) technology is unique and draws its inspiration from the human heart. For example, the company’s design is based on the principles of the Dynamic Adaptive Piston Pump, patented by Lundbäck, which mimics the heart’s dual-action pumping mechanism. Just as the heart uses energy efficiently, CorPower’s WEC is designed to maximise energy capture while minimising waste, converting the natural motion of ocean waves into electricity.

The Golden Buoy 

The core of CorPower’s innovation lies in its point-absorber ‘golden buoy’ system (so-called because it looks like a large, gold-coloured buoy in the water). The buoy is tethered to the seabed and moves with the vertical motion of the waves, capturing energy both as it rises and falls. Its innovative “WaveSpring” technology, stores energy from wave motion and releases it to drive power generation. Also, CorPower’s system utilises predictive algorithms that anticipate incoming waves, allowing it to optimise energy capture while protecting the buoy from damage during storms. This not only improves the energy yield but also enhances the device’s survivability in rough sea conditions.

Efficiency and Survivability 

One of the most significant breakthroughs CorPower claims is that its WEC can deliver five times more energy per tonne of material compared to traditional wave energy technologies! The company says the secret to this efficiency lies WEC’s ability to amplify wave motion during normal conditions while de-tuning itself during extreme weather. For example, in trials off the coast of Portugal, CorPower’s C4 WEC withstood storm waves as high as 18.5 metres while still generating electricity.

This combination of efficiency and durability addresses two of the key challenges in wave energy, i.e. energy capture and survivability.

Why Wave Energy? 

The oceans are one of the largest untapped energy sources on the planet. Waves are more predictable than wind and solar, providing a consistent source of energy that could help balance the intermittent nature of other renewables. Wave energy is available around 90 per cent of the time, making it an excellent candidate for reliable, “baseload” power. CorPower’s technology, therefore, appears to be a significant step forward in making this energy source commercially viable.

Funding and Partnerships 

Although the wave energy sector has historically been plagued by high costs and technical failures, CorPower seems to be bucking this trend. For example, in 2023, the company secured €32 million in Series B1 funding, the largest single investment in wave energy technology to date. The company says this funding will support the commercialisation of its C4 system and further scaling efforts.

Investors, including EIT InnoEnergy and SEB Greentech Venture Capital, are backing CorPower, reportedly due to the transformative potential of its technology in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Real-World Trials Under Way Off Portugal 

This financial backing has allowed CorPower to progress through several stages of testing and development, with the C4 system now undergoing real-world trials off the coast of Portugal. The company’s plans extend beyond individual units to full-scale wave farms, with clusters of buoys working together to generate energy. CorPower aims to achieve commercial scale by 2026 with projects such as a wave farm off the coast of Ireland in partnership with Ireland’s state-owned electricity company, Electricity Supply Board (ESB).

Scalability and the Future of Wave Farms 

CorPower is setting its sights on creating utility-scale wave energy farms, capable of generating 10-30 MW of electricity using multiple C4 buoys. These clusters, known as “CorPacks,” can be deployed to meet energy needs for coastal communities and industrial consumers alike. By automating the production of buoy hulls with its “mobile factory” concept, CorPower aims to bring down costs, producing each buoy in just 48 hours.

Cost Competitive 

In terms of the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE), CorPower’s target is €71/MWh, which would make wave energy competitive with established renewables like wind and solar. If successful, this cost-efficiency could mark a turning point for wave energy’s role in the global energy mix.

The Road Ahead 

CorPower’s journey reflects a broader resurgence of interest in marine energy, buoyed by government support and private investment. For example, the European Union and the United States are making substantial investments in ocean energy, recognising its potential to contribute to a more resilient, sustainable energy grid. As CorPower’s co-founder Patrik Möller notes, wave energy has the potential to become the third largest source of global energy, trailing only wind and solar. Möller has highlighted the critical role that wave energy can play in balancing the renewable energy mix, saying: “CorPower Ocean is on a mission to power the planet with clean energy from ocean waves. Due to its consistent and complementary power profile, it helps bring stability to the clean energy mix—plugging the voids of wind and solar power—to allow a world powered entirely by renewables, 24/7 each day of the year”. 

For CorPower, the next steps involve scaling its technology, proving its bankability, and securing long-term partnerships with energy providers which would put the company in a position to lead the charge in making wave power a mainstream energy source.

Not The Ony Company Doing It 

Despite its funding, partnerships, and promising market position, it should be noted that, as expected in a relatively new market, CorPower is not the only company working to develop advanced wave energy technologies. Others making significant strides in wave energy technology include:

– Finland based AW-Energy (WaveRoller). The WaveRoller technology uses a fully submerged wave energy converter with oscillating underwater panels mounted to the seabed to capture the movement of ocean swells. As the panels move back and forth with the waves, they drive a hydraulic piston that generates electricity. Being submerged helps the WaveRoller avoid the damage that surface-based devices face during storms. Also, it can generate power consistently because ocean swells are present most of the time, even when wind and solar energy are intermittent. AW-Energy has already connected its WaveRoller to the Portuguese grid, proving the system’s grid-readiness.

– Based in the UK, Mocean Energy has developed a wave energy converter that looks like a floating, hinged raft. This device captures energy as its two connected arms move relative to each other in response to passing waves. Mocean’s compact design is particularly suited for generating off-grid power in the oil and gas industry, where clean power is needed for remote subsea operations. Mocean Energy is partnering with several major energy companies, including Shell, to explore microgrid power solutions for offshore oil installations.

– Israel-based Eco Wave Power has taken a novel approach by installing its wave energy converters on existing marine structures like breakwaters and piers. Their system uses floaters that rise and fall with the waves, driving a hydraulic piston to generate electricity. One key advantage of Eco Wave Power’s system is that it doesn’t require the complex and expensive offshore infrastructure of other wave energy devices. This reduces installation and maintenance costs significantly. Additionally, because it’s installed onshore or nearshore, it’s easier to access for repairs.

– Danish company WavePiston, offers a modular wave energy solution that consists of multiple moving plates connected along a tether. These plates convert the kinetic energy of ocean waves into pressurised water, which drives turbines to generate electricity. WavePiston’s design is simple yet effective, lowering production and operational costs. Its system is particularly scalable, with arrays of plates installed across large areas of the ocean, making it suitable for deployment in energy-intensive projects.

– Seattle-based Oscilla Power’s ‘Triton’ is a two-part wave energy converter that consists of a surface float and a submerged ring that oscillate independently of each other. This unique motion captures more energy from waves than traditional point-absorbers. One of Triton’s key advantages is its multi-axis energy capture system, which harvests energy from both the heave (up and down) and surge (side to side) motions of waves. This increases its efficiency across different wave conditions, and its submerged components make it more resilient to extreme weather.

The fact that so many companies globally are now involved in developing these technologies illustrates how the concept of harnessing wave energy is undergoing a significant resurgence.

The Disadvantages of Wind Power 

Although wave energy technology (such as CorPower’s solutions) appear to hold great promise, it should be acknowledged that there are several key challenges that have hindered its widespread adoption. These include:

– The high initial costs. Wave energy devices are expensive to design, manufacture, and install due to the harsh marine environment they must withstand. These high upfront costs make it difficult for wave energy to compete with more established renewables like solar and wind.

– Maintenance and durability. Ocean conditions lead to wear and tear, corrosion, and mechanical failures. Repairing devices located far offshore is complex and costly, adding to operational expenses.

– Environmental concerns. Wave energy devices may disturb marine ecosystems, with potential impacts such as noise pollution, habitat disruption, and electromagnetic interference from subsea cables.

– Intermittency and variability. While wave energy is more predictable than solar or wind, wave intensity fluctuates, requiring energy storage or backup solutions to ensure grid reliability.

– Location-specific limitations. Not all coastal regions have the strong, consistent waves needed for efficient energy production, limiting the global applicability of wave energy.

– Complex grid Integration. Laying subsea cables and managing energy transmission over long distances add complexity and cost to connecting wave farms to the grid.

– Lack of proven commercial success. Despite advancements, wave energy still lags in commercial deployment, which makes investors cautious about committing to the technology.

However, although significant, these barriers represent areas of ongoing innovation, as developers work to improve durability, lower costs, and enhance the efficiency of wave energy systems.

What Does This Mean For Your Organisation? 

Wave energy now seems to be really gaining momentum as a viable and essential component of the global renewable energy mix and CorPower’s technology could position it as one of the frontrunners of this movement. The company’s unique wave energy converters, inspired by the pumping action of the human heart, demonstrate the potential for efficient and durable solutions to capture the ocean’s vast, consistent energy. By addressing two of the most persistent challenges in the wave energy sector, i.e. energy capture efficiency and survivability, CorPower looks like having the potential to finally bring wave power into the mainstream.

However, despite its clear advantages, wave energy still faces significant hurdles that could limit its near-term expansion. High installation costs, technical durability, and the complexities of grid integration remain obstacles to overcome. Also, the ocean is a harsh environment and designing systems that can operate efficiently while resisting corrosion, mechanical failure, and environmental disruption is not straightforward. It’s also a concern that, without proven large-scale commercial success, wave energy technology must still win over sceptical investors who are more likely to fund well-established renewable sectors like wind and solar.

That said, CorPower’s progress could signal a promising future for wave energy. Real-world trials, strategic funding, and collaborative partnerships with major energy players such as Ireland’s ESB reflect the increasing confidence in the potential of wave energy. As governments and private investors continue to focus on diversifying the renewable energy portfolio, wave energy is likely to find its place, complementing other renewables to provide a more stable and reliable power source.